Critique a photography show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique a photography show - Essay Example He was trying to put across excitement. Looking at the way the woman’s hands are spread out, one gets the feeling of balance and exactitude. The woman’s hands are positioned in a way to give her perfect balance as she tackles the wave. Looking at the wave that the woman in the image is riding, one could say that the roughness of the wave is intended to portray challenges and she appears to be taking the wave head on. One could further say that the image portrays one who is facing life’s challenges head-on while knowing full well how to go about it; they have achieved balance in their life. Looking at another image of a lady who is clasping her hands, closing her eyes and tilting her head to the sky as if in prayer, one gets a feeling of innocence. The artist was trying to convey synergy. This can be shown by the simple way the lady is clasping her hands, the simple way she has closed her eyes as she is not doing it forcefully, and the serene environment that seems to surround her. All these coupled with the warm radiant colours of her clothing serve to convey calmness. She seems to be tilting her head to the sky as if seeking something that she knows is there. Looking at another image, this one of a painted man’s face, one gets the feeling that the artist was trying to convey aggression. From the use dark colours to paint his face, and the pattern employed in the painting; diagonally across his face, one gets the feeling that the man is getting ready for combat. From his untidy hair, one gets the feeling that the artist was trying to convey hostility. This is also achieved from the dark colour of his t-shirt. The grey background also adds to the feeling of aggression. In all the three images, the artist has beautifully used colour and shape to put across different emotions that one instantly connects with on examination of the images. The first image seems to

Stress Management in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stress Management in the Workplace - Essay Example An incident that went in front of my eyes was when one of my peers had to face a very stressful situation at the hands of her boss who was constantly harassing her in one way or the other. This meant that she had to undergo immense mental and psychological torture which was bracketed under the heading of both sexual harassment as well as stress that she was taking almost on a daily basis. It left her into resigning soon after but with the help and assistance of a few friends that even included me; she went back to work and spoke to the human resources department about the same as well (Warn, 2003). This made her feel good because her irony was documented for and she felt valuable within the domains of the organization nonetheless. The reason why she was holding back her thoughts and feelings was due to the fact that she was her subordinate and did not know how to go about dealing with such a delicate matter involving her superior. Once her friends exclaimed to her that she had to get her act together and take back her resignation because it was uncalled for, things were set right immediately. The workplace stress was such that she had started to believe that the mistake was hers and that she was a victim of some form of shortcoming on her own part, which was simply not the case at all. Her friends made her realize that she needed to get her act together and speak to the human resources department to bring an end to both her stressful regimes as well as the harassment ordeal that she was going through. I found out that she got the courage after her friends at the workplace found out and they helped her get through to the relevant individual within the human resources department which was a very quintessential aspect of the whole debate nonetheless. There were quite a few learning that were done on my part. I found out that the stress

Equity & trusts on the three certainties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Equity & trusts on the three certainties - Essay Example This is because the property that was administered on behalf of the beneficiaries by the trustee cannot be determined with certainty. The significance of the subject matter in trust formulation may be able to be in the case of Re Goldcorp Exchange Limited. In this case, bankrupt creditors of the company involved in trading of wine asserted that they have the power to claim on the amount of wine they had paid for. It was the case despite the fact that the bottles of wine that they claim to have paid for could not be identified individually with certainty. The judge ruled that it is imperative to ascertain the subject matter with certainty for a trust to be present. Based on the case, it was challenging and, therefore, trust could be established. The rule may be exceptional only for intangible goods such as shares. The intention of the trust must be Cleary be if the trust is to be considered present. In the case of Re Hamilton of 1895, it was held that the law court must critically obs erve the words used by the testator to ascertain whether there was an intention to create trust. Other cases that have been utilized to substantiate the principle of intention include the case of Amber v Evan of 1870s, the case of Paul v Constance of 1977 and that of Hanbury of 1905. The four cases try to substantiate the significance of having a clear intention when creating a trust. In above connection, there must be an object certainty for the trust to be present2. However, the magnitude of object certainty may have a significant variation depending on the trust type. The two types of trust include fixed and discretionally trust. In fixed trust, the distribution of property to the beneficiary is fixed. On the contrary, discretionally trust is where the recipients may be from a given class of people. The principle of object certainty may be substantiated by the case law of Morice v Bishop of Durha. It was decided that trust cannot exist and

Benefits of exercise on heart disease---(Physical Fitness and Essay

Benefits of exercise on heart disease---(Physical Fitness and Nutrition) - Essay Example a revolution in the treatment and care of people suffering from diseases of the heart such as Arrhythmia, Congenital Heart defects, High Cholesterol, Blood Pressure, Heart Attack, Heart Failure or Peripheral Heart disease. Advanced technology used in diagnosis, surgery and treatment have made it possible to repair or fix these heart related defects. The intake of drugs, alcohol or tobacco contributes to high risk factors that eventually lead to heart problems. In lieu of this, physical fitness is a major contributing factor to a healthy heart. Exercise not only helps to relieve stress but it also helps to keep the body healthy and free from disease. How well your heart can compensate is determined by the level of overall fitness of your body, no matter which heart disease one has. In relation to this, exercises such as aerobics has a greater impact on a person with heart disease, as it results in physiological adaptations that allow submaximal workloads to be carried out even more efficiently, for it puts less strain on the cardiovascular system. Therefore regular participation of aerobic exercise guarantees a decrease in blood pressure and plays a protective role in the development of hypertension and CHD. Training studies that were conducted revealed that heart rate and blood pressure levels had significantly decreased in individuals with psychological stress and who had undergone aerobic exercises. The study included testing participants in both AT (aerobic training) and NT (no training). While the participants of the AT group were guided into doing regular aerobic exercises, the NT group of participants were instructed to r efrain from participating in any regular or new exercise. The NT group was also asked to maintain their regular daily activities and to record any prolonged physical activity that they performed during the day. Aerobic fitness was conducted and assessed via a graded exercise test on a motor-driven treadmill which needed the participants to

Plasma Membrane and Diffusion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plasma Membrane and Diffusion - Case Study Example Diffusion is a means of active transport which results from thermal, random movement of molecular particles from regions of high concentrations to regions of low concentrations(3). There are six factors which influence diffusions in fluids, these includes: Concentration gradient, size of the molecules involved, Distance travelled by the molecules, Temperature of the medium and the molecules, Solubility of the molecule and the surface area of the plasma membrane in which the molecule can carry out its activities, Hence the rate of diffusion is given by the ratio of the product of solubility, gradient, temperature, surface and the product of distance the molecules moves by the square root of the mass of the molecule. Diffusion can be classified into three categories or types, which include; simple diffusion, channel diffusion and facilitated diffusion(3).Simple diffusion occurs when micro or small non-polar molecular particles go through a fluid (liquid or gases) mostly liquids through a lipid bilayer. This diffusion type is characterized by hydrophobic molecules moving to hydrophobic regions without being rejected(3). Hydrophilic molecules do not participate in simple diffusion because they would be rejected when they move into the hydrophobic region of the membrane.Channel diffusion is a type of passive transport which involves channel proteins in which the molecule moves through an open, aqueous pore and it can be regulated. Charged particles and ions can pass through the pore (1).

Railroad history Essay Example for Free

Railroad history Essay The reasons why Villard failed to build a profitable railroad was that he never bothered to study much about railroads so he made many mistakes such as, he rushed to the wilderness to collect his subsidies he thought that by building the rail on an area with a beautiful view he would attract tourism in the area and so they would pay handsomely to tour, so he chose to build in the northwest because of its beauty. This increased the cost of building the railroad because he had to increase the bends, the steepness and the length of the railroad to be able to take in the rocky Mountain View. Villard also did create in areas around the hot springs in broad water county, Montana and at Bozeman costly health spas. This and more expensive buildings and structures made Villard go broke because the tourist opted to visit else where. Though the federal aid and foreign investors had given Villard some space for mistakes he made way too many. He was so eager to rush to the coast that he built when the cost of materials and construction in whole was very stiff. High cost amounts to high rates and this hindered the tourists from traveling through the NP. Railroad acted as an alternative mode of transport which farmers used to travel from rural areas to the urban market whenever they had need, they also used the railroad to transport their produce thus interacting with people from other parts of the country. As the railroad changed people’s experiences, it also changed the time concepts. If a person wanted to travel from point A to point B it became more faster than pre railroad days where one had to use horses on bad road, board a steamboat, Railroads decreased the cost of distance and increased the value of time.

Translation and its role in multilingual country

Translation and its role in multilingual country Questions such as, what is translation, wherein lies its complexity? have been asked ever since literature stopped being restricted to one target readership and moved beyond the boundaries of language. The term translation technically connotes the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavour, or of finding an analogous substitute. Its complexity lies in it being like the transfer of perfume from one bottle to another. As careful as you are, some fragrance is lost but the challenge remains to capture the essence. All things in nature are subject to change and so is all cultural matter. Translation is always a shift, not between two languages but between the two types of cultural matter. India is a linguistic galaxy of unparalleled richness. Few contexts could be better suited than the Indian for a discussion of the processes of translation within a spectacular stellar setting. How does one common idea of India make itself available to a Bengali, Tamil or a Marathi in any way save that of translation? Translation provides a cognitive map of Indias linguistic world in all its interrelatedness as well as estrangement. All texts and all readers are both monolingual and multilingual. A text, obviously written literally in one language in a given manifestation faces a multi lingual reader and thus reaches out to a much larger base, unifying experiences and opinions as it expands. English has to be admitted as a vast reservoir of translation in contemporary India. It may no longer be a colonial language, but it is increasingly a conduit language. This filter language, as Khubchandani terms it, has today a certain inescapable presence. More English translating have been published in India in recent times than ever before, but our awareness of the need to ensure quality in translation has not heightened the same extent. Who should judge a translation somebody who can read the original or somebody who cannot? A person who was able to read the language, and enjoyed the original may find no translation satisfactory, whereas someone who cannot is likely to regard readability in English is the prime requisite. It seems unarguable that the only way in which the ideology of unity can be explored in a multilingual society like ours is by accepting both the need for, and the problems of, translation. The Sanskritised term we currently use for translation in many Indian languages is anuvada which literally means after speech so it seems wrong in the first place to discuss it in an Introduction. It also stands in contrast to anukaran, which implies aping or slavish imitation, but there ought to be a more to the word than just the suggestion that it could involve creative license of a kind? Any discussion of translation leads automatically to the question: who is an ideal translator? The writer himself, or someone who has not been involved in the primary creative art? The task of the translator is to unfreeze the shapes that thought took in one language and refreeze them into another. A translator must take into account rules that are not strictly linguistic but cultural. Translators, even when trying to give us the flavor of the language, are in fact modernizing the source. As far as translators in India are concerned, most Indians who grow up in urban conditions and go to school and college tackle shifts from one language to another so often and so comfortably that translation seems second nature to them. TRANSLATION STUDIES The Pedagogy of Translation by Vanamala Viswanatha Translation Studies is a young discipline still in the process of mapping its territory. Attempts have been made to define its boundaries and develop its terrain by scholars working in disciplines as varied as Anthropology, Comparative Literature, Culture Studies, Linguistics and Literary Theory. Viewing translation as a transaction between two languages, the dominant linguistic paradigm has treated it merely as a matter of transfer from the Source Language to the Target Language. There can be two ways of translating: Transliteration and Transcreation. Transliteration or literal translation is word-to-word, phrase-to-phrase or sentence-to-sentence carrying over from the Source Text into the Target Text. This means that the words and terminologies would either require exact equivalents in the Target Language or would have to be put as it is into the Target Text. It may be ideal for texts falling under technical registers. But they would prove extremely difficult when done on cultural texts. The aim of the translation is to reproduce meanings of the Source Text and the immediate effect it produces on the native audience for the readers and audience of another culture in whose language the text is to be translated. But, say, every Hindi word cannot have a counterpart in English because of its vast language and cultural differences in certain connotations and structures. Hence, the literal translation of cultural/literary works would be like forsaking the duty of a translator. On the other hand, transcreation or cultural translation means a partial or complete freedom to the translator in dealing with the Source Text. The translator has to render the Source Text in a recreated form in the Target Language. It involves reading every word and sentence carefully, but it is not only or simply a literal rendering. Another step in translation is termed as Transfer. It is the stage in which the analysed material is transferred in the mind of the translator from the Source Text to the Target Text. The final stage is restructuring the transferred material. The basic structural elements have to be transferred to the Target Language. It has to be ensured in the process of transformation that the same effect the Source Text had should be achieved for the Target Text for its readers. When the translation produces the same effect as on the original audience then the translation can be considered equivalent to the Source Text. PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION The translator has to deal with the problem of finding equivalent words and expressions in the Target Language, which though cannot be substitutes for the expressions in the Source Language, but can come close to it, can raise similar feelings and attitudes in the readers and audiences of the Target Text. Literary and cultural texts suggest rather than describe meanings. Cultural meanings are very specific and their connotations vary with words in other languages. Therefore, it is really difficult to expect equivalence between the texts of two languages separated by two different cultures. The translator has to interpret and analyse the connotative and suggestive of the Source Text and on the basis of his knowledge of the culture of the Target Text; he has to recreate the meanings in the new language. Figures of speech, extended metaphors, idioms, proverbs and allegories pose a great challenge to the translator. Even translating dialogues, forms of dressing, different kinds of food can be difficult when it has strong cultural roots. For example, words like saree, churidar, pan, pallu cannot have an English counterpart. In India, there is a specific word for every familial relationship. For instance, chacha, mama, phupha, tauji are all called uncle in English, similarly nana-nani and dada-dadi are simply grandparents. Also, the suggested meanings of these relationships can never be translated into any other language. To show how the differences in cultural facts can cause difficulties in the translation of metaphors we may look at the symbolic meanings of certain words in different cultures. Owl in English is the symbol of wisdom whereas it symbolizes ill-fortune in Persian and is associated to superstitious beliefs in India. Also, pig, hog and swine are different words for the same animal but these small variations can create big differences in metaphorical meanings: Sam is a pig. Sam is a hog. Sam is a swine. The languages which do not have separate words for these different categories would fail to represent the difference between the discoursal value of the above metaphors. Thus, a literal translation may lead to Target Language metaphors with different and sometimes completely opposite discoursal values. TRANSLATED WRITERS We are now going to talk about a few writers who have brought out very vividly the different cultures of India through their writing in vernacular languages. The languages we are going to focus upon are Hindi, Urdu, Marathi, Bengali, Assamese, Tamil and Kannada. It is the voice of this marginalized section writing in vernacular languages, especially of the women regional writers, which needs to be heard. This is possible only through translation, which gives them recognition all over the world. RABINDRANATH TAGORE Tagore was the first Indian Nobel Laureate. He won the Nobel Prize in 1930 for his translation of the Gitanjali. His best known works are Gora and Ghare Baire. His works verse, short stories and novels are acclaimed for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism and contemplation. Of Tagores prose, his short stories are perhaps most highly regarded indeed he is credited with originating the Bengali language version of the genre. His short stories mostly borrow from the deceptively simple subject matter: common people. The translation of his works into various languages has given people across cultures a glimpse of the world of the Bengali common man. Given below is Robi Duttas translation of his poem Urvashi: No mother thou, no daughter thou Thou art no bride, O maiden fair and free O inhabitant of Nandan Urvasi! GULZAR Sampooran Singh Kalra better known as Gulzar is an Indian poet, lyricist and director. Gulzar primarily works in Hindi-Urdu and also works in Punjabi, several dialects of Hindi like braj bhasha, khadi boli, Haryanvi and Marwari. Gulzar has received many awards including the Padma Bhushan and the Academy Award for his song Jai Ho. He has been widely translated into English and other languages. During the Jaipur Literary Festival, Pawan Varma, an eminent IFS officer who has translated Gulzars poetry, said that he faced a difficulty translating phrases like tip tip and tap tap and Gulzar replied abhi to humne kabutar ki gutar goon shuru bhi nahi ki hai. Sunjoy Shekhar, who has also translated Gulzar calls himself a smuggler trying to surreptitiously smuggle the feelings evoked by Gulzars lyrics across an impermissible, alien wordscape. To give a flavor of the translation of his poetry, given below is a song of his along with its translation: basa cand kraoD,aoM saalaaoM maoM saUrja kI Aaga bauJaogaI jaba AaOr rak, ]D,ogaI saUrja sao jaba kao[- caaMd na DUbaogaa AaOr kao[- ja,maIM na ]BarogaI tba zMDa bauJaa [k kaoyalaa saa TukD,a yao ja,maIM ka GaUmaogaa BaTka BaTka mawma Kiksa~I raoSanaI maoM maOM saaocata hUM ]sa [emailprotected] Aga,r kaga,ja, po ilaKI hu[- naj,ma khIM ]D,to ]D,to saUrja maoM igaro tao saUrja ifr saoo jalanao lagao In a billion years when The suns fire dwindles And ash blows across its surface Then the moon will no longer wane And the land not rise When like a cold, burnt out piece of coal This earth revolves Lost in its gyre Trailing a dying, sepia glow I think then If a poem written on a piece of paper was to waft along And perchance land on the sun The sun would ignite again. AMBAI C. S. Lakshmi was born in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu in 1944. Some of her works A Purple Sea and In A Forest, A Deer (2006) have been translated English by Lakshmi Holmstrà ¶m. In 2006, she (along with Lakshmi Holmstrà ¶m) won the Vodafone-Crossword prize. For her contributions to Tamil literature, she received the 2008 Iyal Virudhu. Her work is characterized by her feminism, an eye for detail, and a sense of irony. Exploration of space, silence, coming to terms with ones body or sexuality, and the importance of communication are some of the recurring themes in her works. VIJAYDAN DETHA Vijaydan Detha also known as Bijji is a noted writer from Rajasthan and a recipient of Padma Shri award(2007). He has also received several other awards such as Sahitya Akademi Award and Sahitya Chudamani Award. He has more than 800 short stories to his credit, which are translated into English and other languages. He is co-founder of Rupayan Sansthan with late Komal Kothari, an institute that documents Rajasthani folk-lore, arts and music. His literary works include Bataan ri Phulwari (garden of tales), a fourteen volume collection of stories that draws on folk-lore and spoken dialects of Rajasthan. His stories and novels have been adapted for many plays and movies including Habib Tanvirs Charandas Chor and Amol Palekars Paheli. He once said If you do not want to be a mediocre writer, you should return to your village and write in Rajasthani. 5. SALMA Born in 1968 in Tamil Nadu, Salmas first poetry collection shocked conservative society where women are supposed to remain silent. In 2003, Salma along with three other Tamil women poets faced obscenity charges and violent threats. Salma is now head of the panchayat (local level government body) of Thuvarankurichi, near Trichi in Tamil Nadu. The government of Tamil Nadu has appointed her Chairperson of the Tamil Nadu Social Welfare Board. Her novel, translated as Midnight Tales focuses on the inner world of Muslim women in the conservative society of Tamil Nadu in south India. It gives us an insight into what actually goes on in the households of this section of the society and brings it out very effectively. The novel was also long-listed for the Man Asian Prize of 2007. Translating these texts into more widely spoken languages like Hindi and English has taken their voice to a much wider range of readers.